Unit One Critical Reflection
Critical Reflection
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Critical Reflection noitɔɘlʇɘЯ lɒɔitiɿƆ
Significant hurdles have been presented to my practise throughout the first term; if anything, these challenges have grown more intense as my work has instantaneously progressed and I have become more informed of the discourses that circulate my practice. I have had to adopt a more quick-witted working style since being conscious of the short-term, becoming acclimated to life at Camberwell, and my obsession with employing the methodical and time-consuming approach of oil painting. Shortly before beginning the course, I experimented with the merging of photography and paint using an array of acrylic paint, polka pens, and ink as quick studies, with interesting and unexpected results: the glossy, flat surface of the photograph becomes malleable with paint, almost sculptural as the matte paint creates a new layer of interpretation. Ironically, I often find myself taking in more stimuli from the work of photography than from painting. When considering this duplexity between painting and photography, for me the two have become synonymous with artifice and illusion, and the boundary between these two distinct disciplines has become porous—especially when amidst the surrounding ecology of media images and its continuous evolving landscape.
Much like Gerhard Richter, who has made the issue of how to keep painting central to his artistic practise (as discussed in a reading group in first term), I have attempted to create work that combines a critical and reflexive understanding of painting history with an active participation in the discourses and developments of the modern, mediatized world. I used a variety of painterly approaches and languages within the confines of a single painting by fusing images from magazines and commercial publications, while simultaneously employing art historical painting methods with apparent indifference.
Richter intensifies the photographic quality by simulating the blurring or fuzziness caused by poor print and reproduction quality. Richter himself stated that he was "not use it as a means to painting but use painting as a means to photography.” (Richter, 1995, pg. 73) In describing Richter’s work in his book ‘Gerhard Richtert: Fourty Years of Painting,’ Robert Storr affluently supposes that Richter’s use of painting had injected "feeling into images that had seemingly been emptied of it by overexposure." (Storr, 2002, pg. 39) Many of the images I entertain, have been digested from a plethora of magazine and digital reproductions with a spectrum of deficiencies. I have enhanced the immediacy of the photographic qualities in painting through juxtaposing compositions and collage. As a result, the object can no longer be reliably located in reference to the picture plane, and instead of receiving the steady image typical of the commonly employed oil painting techniques, we must work to correct our perceptions of the painting. Then perhaps, within the rigid and artificial standards of digital media, the real suddenly but momentarily emerges.
Gerhard Richter, Betty, 1988, 102 cm x 72 cm, Oil on canvas
Paradoxically, the virtual and artificial media representations of the past may enable us to reach closer to the empirical world. Of course, it is too early to make such ambitious claims; however, I have attained that changing the size and removing the physical texture and appearance of the paint alters the status provided in images. A significant portion of a photograph's force comes from the dichotomy between the object's mere existence as a painting and our knowledge of the flatness and form of its photographic source. When reflecting on my own work, I find Richter's use of photography to directly challenge the effectiveness of the photographic image as a tool for conveying the virtual world to be of special interest. These discrepancies serve as a symbiotic reminder that, even in the midst of technological reproduction, a painting remains a unique body whose distinctive qualities cannot be exhaustively represented in photographic reproduction.
Sherrie Levine, Untitled (president: 4), 1979, collage
Cindy Sherman, Untitled #87, 1981, Chromogenic print
Roberto Longo, Seven Seals for Missouri Breaks, 1976, Enamel on cast aluminium
The emphasis on the use of appropriated pictures and media by the Pictures Generation artists serves as inspiration for how I use found imagery. Crimp claims that these artists have turned “to the available images in the culture around them. But they subvert the standard signifying function of those pictures, tied to their captions, their commentaries, their narrative sequences tied, that is, to the illusion that they are directly transparent to a signified." (Crimp, 1977, pg. 5) Simply speaking, it can be said that in an image-saturated world these artists were responding to pictures to remark on the function of media in society and how they impact our perceptions and experiences. Crimp quotes Walter Benjamin's The Short History of Photography (1931) in his article titled Pictures, writing, "The caption will become the most significant component of the photograph." (Crimp, 1977, pg. 5) In researching the group's intricacies, I see the ways in which imagery appears omnipresent, uncanny, or bleak until the title provides enhanced meaning and context. By isolating and modifying images, artists draw our focus to their underlying meanings and decide not on the basis of our immediate encounter with the subject but on the basis of our connections with other images that are conceptually similar to the one in question. In a similar vein, I try to challenge the conventional interpretation of my own works by negating the cultural and linguistic weight of titles, texts, and language in an effort to pervert our normal visual perceptions. For instance, my painting entitled Going to See a Man About a Dog has a double entendre: the depiction portrays a man and a dog, but the title is also used as an idiom, predominantly of British origin, generally used to conceal one’s true destination.
In my current works, I have borrowed images from a wide variety of printed sources and attempted to transform them into uncanny works that oscillate between sculpture and painting. Using the frame of my paintings to create a portal for the viewer into the virtual space of the work while simultaneously playing with the tangible to reveal the illusion that the image sustains has been fundamental to my practice. To put it succinctly, I ask the viewer to consider not only the painting's subject and painted surface but also the complex interaction between the painting and our own lived experience. This relation's innumerable challenges have generously accommodated the lasting influence on visual rather than verbal expression throughout art's developing canon. In my endeavour to make images more sculptural, however, the space of the spectator and the space of the painting must become more tightly interwoven, and the viewer must thus continually reconcile their sense of the painting as a physical object to their impression of the painting as a work of fiction and illusion. There is a mutually tensional and enriching relationship between the medium's materiality and the representation's fictionality. The fascinating connection lies in the fact that the viewer is made cognizant of the physicality of oil on canvas while simultaneously experiencing the illusion of replication as the two tenets coexist. In Going to See a Man About a Dog, the boundaries between the frame and the painting are less distinct as the painted frame is similar in hue and saturation to that of the colour palette of the reproduction. This transitive disposition acts as an extension to the tangible space, referring to a domain elsewhere, outside its materiality.
Photograph of Going to See a Man About a Dog demonstrating the frame with a similar colour palette to colours used in the painting
My practise is heavily influenced by the history of painting; hence, my work recognises the intrinsic responsibility of image-making. My focus is to challenge conventional visual perception by exploring alternative approaches to making images. The tactile approach to image-making draws the viewer in and plays with the relationship between two and three dimensions, with the sculptural element rendering it a more speculative and conceptual object to divulge the meaning of a picture. The language shifts when the viewer's perception is altered by the tactile presence of the work, semantically pointing to the material attributes of pictures as objects. Frame, acrylic, aluminium, paint, and everyday objects are instruments I hope to explore further that could embody and contribute to the artificial and physical properties of images.
To supersede or advance my current research inquiry into images, I also hope to expand my inquiry into the objecthood of painting through the equivocal art discourses of reflexivity and agency. I am first going to revisit artistic movements such as the Arte Povera Italian art movement, which sought to question the traditional notion of the autonomous, self-contained artist and instead emphasised using space actively, with the audience as the catalyst. Arte Povera's considerable rate of reflexivity and consciousness of historical precedent may be understood within this framework of investigating the relationship between the subjective and objective that allows irony and language to play a larger role. I would also like to give more attention to artists like Simeon Barclay and Sonia Boyce, who encourage a participatory approach that questions creative authorship and cultural differences through their collaborative and inclusive practices.
A picture I took standing in front of Michelangelo Pistoletto’s Partitura in nero - E, 2010 - 2012, at Michelangelo Pistoletto: Origins and Consequences exhibited at the Mazzoleni Art gallery in 2018
Simeon Barclay, In the Name of the Father, South London Gallery, September 2022. Installation view, Andy Stagg.
Installation view of Sonia Boyce: Just for the Record at Simon Lee gallery
References:
Storr, R. and Richter, G., 2002. Gerhard richter: forty years of painting. The Museum of Modern Art. London: Thames and Hudson, Ltd.
Obrist, H.U. and Richter, G., 1995. Gerhard Richter: The Daily Practice of Painting: Writing and Interviews 1962-1993. London: Thames and Hudson, Ltd.
Committee for the Visual Arts, Incorporated, 1977. Pictures: an exhibition of the work of Troy Brauntuch, Jack Goldstein, Sherrie Levine, Robert Longo, Philip Smith: Artists Space. [press release] September 24 - October 29, 1977. Available at: https://texts.artistsspace.org/6wdhi1kq [Accessed 22 January 2023].
Lumley, R., 2004. Arte povera: Movements in Modern Art. London: Tate Publishing.